There should be enough water to fill the voids, so the particles of sand rub against each other, dramatically increasing the apparent viscosity as the shear rate increases. Other materials that exhibit this type of behavior are concentrated (especially deflocculated) aqueous suspensions of china clay, titanium oxide, corn flour, and wet cement aggregates. Viscoplastic fluids are those that appear to show a "yield stress." That is, a certain amount of shear stress must be applied to the material before it can begin to flow, or deform. Whereas in fact it seems that if flow is measured over a wide enough range of shear rates, no yield stress really does exist,5 the concept of a yield stress remains very convenient, because a number of materials do closely approximate to this type of behavior.
If the material is being sheared but at less than the yield shear stress (Ryield), then the material will deform "elastically" and flow as a rigid body and not like a fluid. The classic example of this type of
If the material is being sheared but at less than the yield shear stress (Ryield), then the material will deform "elastically" and flow as a rigid body and not like a fluid. The classic example of this type of
The first English-language book which reviews and summarizes worldwide research advances in alkali-activated cements and concrete. Essential topics include:
'In maintaining the currency, calibre continuity and content of the work there is the monumental task of integrating the output of so many individuals into a coherent and comprehensive whole. Peter Hewlett has achieved that successfully...I have little doubt that Frederick Lea himself would have approved,' Professor George Somerville. Understanding the chemistry of cement and concrete will help to design usefull applications for cement in construction work and civil engineering.
The fate and quality of any house literally rests on its foundation. From design and excavation issues to formwork, reinforcement, drainage, and waterproofing details, this handy guide covers the full range of residential concrete work. Author Rick Arnold, a foundation building contractor and co-author of Precision Framing, walks the reader through all the steps. Also included are chapters on foundations built from materials other than concrete (building blocks, ICFs, wood) and on flatwork (slabs, walkways, patios). These clear instructions for building a concrete foundation are accompanied by more then 200 color photos and dozens of color illustrations.
The 
is your one-source guide to concrete-based home construction. Residential contractors, architects, and developers will welcome this first total guide to the latest concrete-based homebuilding systems (CBHSs). With lumber costs still on the rise after doubling the early '90s, The Portland Cement Association Guide to Concrete Homes, by Peter VanderWerf and W. Keith Munsel, can deliver, durable, cost-efficient, esthetically pleasing alternative building materials and construction methods. It's all spelled out in an authoritative sourcebook that explains and compares the various types of CBHSs and lists special materials and tools for building them--provides case histories about 
The author was for many years Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at he University of Aberdeen, Scotland. Since 1948, his main research interest has been the chemistry of cement. His early work laid the foundations of our understanding of the structure at the nanometre level of C-S-H, the principal product formed when cement is mixed with water, and the one mainly reponsible for the hardening of the final concrete product. Subsequent studies took him into many additional aspects of the chemistry and materials science of cement and concrete. His work has been recognized by Fellowships and by other honours and awards from many scientific societies in the UK, USA and elsewhere. This 
addresses the chemistry and materials science of the principal silicate and aluminate cements used in building and Civil engineering. Emphasis throughout is on the underlying science. This book deals more specifically with the chemistry of Portland cement manufacture , the common commercial cement product, and the nature of the resulting product, the processes that occur when this product is mixed with water, the nature of the hardened material, the chemistry of other types of hydraulic cement, and chemical and microstructural aspects of concrete, including processes that affect its durability. Since the first edition of this book was published in 1990, research throughout the world has greatly augmented our knowledge in all of hese areas. This present second edition has been updated and revised to take account of these advances. The reader will acquire a solid understanding of the subject and will be better equipped to deal with the problems and pitfalls that can arise in engineering practice as a result of inadequate understanding of the relevant chemistry. It will serve both as an introduction to those entering the subject for the first time and as a guide to the latest developments for those already experienced in the field.
